@proceedings {1028,
	title = {Assessment of a Low-Cost Magneto-Inductive Magnetometer for Personal Space Weather Stations},
	year = {2026},
	month = {03/2026},
	publisher = {HamSCI},
	address = {Newington, CT},
	abstract = {Low-cost ground-based magnetometers are an important component of Personal Space Weather Station (PSWS) efforts, yet their performance in urban residential environments remains poorly constrained. This work investigates how nearby homes and urban electromagnetic interference influence the noise floor of the RM3100 magneto-inductive magnetometer. Four short-duration measurements were conducted at two locations within a residential property to examine this question. At each location, magnetic field data were collected using a pipe-based apparatus and within a shielded cage, resulting in four experimental configurations. Each measurement spanned approximately one week, producing a total of four weeks of data. Noise characteristics and signal stability are compared across locations and shielding conditions to evaluate the hypothesis that shielding reduces environmental interference and that RM3100-based systems deployed in urban settings can provide data suitable for PSWS applications. By characterizing the limitations and practical considerations of residential magnetometer deployments, this work supports the use of low-cost instrumentation in citizen science, amateur radio{\textendash}driven space weather studies, and distributed ground-based monitoring networks relevant to both community participants and the broader space physics community.},
	author = {Daniel Clancy and Hyomin Kim and Nathaniel Frissell and Rachel Frissell and David Witten}
}
@proceedings {1033,
	title = {Development of a low-cost magnetometer system for a coordinated space weather monitoring},
	year = {2026},
	month = {03/2026},
	publisher = {HamSCI},
	address = {Newington, CT},
	abstract = {In addition to auroral observations, magnetic field measurements are one of the traditional ground-based methods for observing space weather phenomena. For this purpose, magnetic sensors, known as magnetometers, are widely used in space research. Ground-based magnetometers provide critical information on how solar activity impacts the Earth{\textquoteright}s magnetosphere and the ionosphere. In particular, geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) due to temporal changes in the magnetic field (dB/dt), are a major concern in space weather studies. As part of the Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation (HamSCI) Personal Space Weather Station (PSWS) project, a low-cost, commercial off-the-shelf magnetometer has been developed to provide quantitative and qualitative measurements of the geospace environment from the ground for both scientific and operational purposes at a cost that will allow for crowd-sourced data contributions. The PSWS magnetometers employ a magneto-inductive sensor technology to record three-axis magnetic field variations with a field resolution of approximately 3 nT at a sampling rate of 1 Hz. Data from the PSWS network will combine these magnetometer measurements with high frequency (HF, 3{\textendash}30 MHz) radio observations to monitor large-scale current systems and ionospheric disturbances due to drivers from both space and the atmosphere. Once established, a densely spaced magnetometer array will demonstrate space weather monitoring capabilities over an unprecedented spatial extent. Magnetic field data collected by PSWS magnetometers installed at various locations across the United States are presented and compared with data from nearby existing magnetometers, demonstrating that the PSWS instruments provide performance that is well suited for scientific investigations.},
	author = {Hyomin Kim and Nathaniel Frissell and Rachel Frissell and David Witten and Daniel Clancy}
}
@proceedings {1027,
	title = {Understanding HamSCI Magnetometers Measurements and Observations: A Preliminary Report and Demonstration },
	year = {2026},
	month = {03/2026},
	publisher = {HamSCI},
	address = {Newington, CT},
	abstract = {Ground-based magnetometers are unique instruments that allow for remote sensing of the dynamics and structure of the geospace magnetospheric environment directly from the Earth{\textquoteright}s surface. Traditionally, science-grade magnetometers for this purpose have been prohibitively expensive for individuals to operate; therefore, geomagnetic observations are normally restricted to select sites operated by research institutions and government agencies. Recent technological developments by industry and citizen science organizations have brought down the cost of magnetometer ownership and operation to a level affordable by individuals. Such a magnetometer is part of the HamSCI Personal Space Weather Station (PSWS) suite, which includes not only a ground magnetometer for magnetospheric studies, but also radio receivers for ionospheric studies. The HamSCI PSWS project is led by the University of Scranton, but research here has primarily focused on supporting the radio instrumentation of the project. In this presentation/demonstration we have established a laboratory testbed in the University of Scranton Loyola Science center. This testbed is currently being used to develop in-house expertise in the HamSCI magnetometer system to allow faculty, staff, and students at Scranton to better understand instrument operation, capabilities, limitations for the purpose of improved data analysis and support of the Citizen Science Community that will be operating these systems. In this presentation/demonstration, we will showcase how we are using it and our simulation of the Gannon Storm. },
	author = {Rachel Frissell and Christine Zakzewski and Majid Mokhtari and Dave Witten and Nathaniel Frissell}
}
@proceedings {956,
	title = {Understanding HamSCI Magnetometers Measurements and Observations},
	year = {2025},
	month = {03/2025},
	publisher = {HamSCI},
	address = {Newark, NJ},
	abstract = {<p>Measurements and observations are important to any project. Understanding where the measurements came from and how they are collected is vital. In this presentation, we will aim to describe what a magnetometer is, how it works, and what information it can tell us about space weather/physics. We will focus on what measurements and observations we can collect from the magnetometers{\textendash} specifically HamSCI magnetometers as various magnetometers will have different capabilities. Furthermore, we will outline an experimental procedure to help the user better understand the collected measurements and observations from the HamSCI magnetometer. We will focus on some questions such as, what can HamSCI magnetometer measurements and observations tell us? How do we know good vs bad HamSCI magnetometer data? Do we need to calibrate the measurements and observations of the HamSCI magnetometer data? Why do we collect three components of the magnetic field yet primarily use only the horizontal component. How does the internal magnetic field of the Earth impact the magnetic field around the Earth? Where can we see and access the raw measurements and observations from the HamSCI magnetometers? How are the measurements and observations displayed? By answering these questions and outlining the experiment(s), we hope to provide an education guide to help users better understand how the HamSCI magnetometers record observations and measurements and what insight they can give us into better understanding various space weather/physics phenomena.</p>
},
	author = {Rachel Frissell and Nathaniel Frissell and Majid Mokhtari and David Witten and Hyomin Kim}
}
